KRONOS 2360 PDF

KRONOS is one of the world’s leading manufacturers of titanium dioxide and has been operating as an international company for more than 90 years. The group. KRONOS – Best in class for industrial coatings. KRONOS safety data sheet. Tap for sound. Learn more about KRONOS on KRONOS® is a rutile pigment that can be used universally and provides the highest weather resistance performance for the most demanding coatings. I.

A highly reproducible, statistically tested method for the sizing of pigment-grade rutile and anatase is established. The final detection of the primary particles is done on the masked unified image, which allows for the detection of the particles, including their grey values.

The first preparation run included four samples, labelled Ra01 through Ra04 for the rutile pigment and Aa01 trough Aa04 for the anatase pigment. First of all, the procedure was developed for pigment-grade titanium dioxide prepared as a cross-section. Preparing and applying a mask image, followed by particle detection Fig.

This is the consequence of a rigorous procedure, which primarily targets reliability: For the anatase kgonos, lower standard errors are found for the minimum Feret diameter. Moreover, they illustrate the difficulty with particle detection in projection images in the event of overlapping particles. A true size distribution of the pigment will only be obtained if the full, three-dimensional shape of the particles is evaluated, e.

The measured results in terms of minimum Feret keonos and equivalent circle diameter ECD are summarised in Tables 1 to 4. It included the rutile samples Rb05 through Rb10 and the anatase samples Ab05 through Ab Imaging conditions and image post-processing for pigment sizing for a rutile pigment; a original image superimposed with the outlines of the finally evaluated particle sections after grey-value and shape filtering; b unified image after noise reduction and shading correction; c binarised image after application of a watershed transform and connectivity filter; d filtered image b masked with binarised image c ; automated detection applied to image d.

Scientific efforts to establish standardized methods for determining number-based size distributions have so far been focused on model systems, such as spherical gold particles, spherical latex particles or spherical silica particles [ 7 — 10 krknos. The first measurement of each sample is labelled M1; the second measurement was performed by a different operator and is labelled M2.

In both cases, this corresponds to approx.

Schematic view of five different projections of one agglomerate found in KRONOSreproduced from an electron tomogram. Summary A strong demand for reliable characterization methods of particulate materials is triggered by the prospect of forthcoming national and international regulations concerning the classification of nanomaterials. In the form of a fine powder, it is used as white pigment in many application systems such as paints, plastics, paper and building materials.

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The high reproducibility of the measurement, which leads to a standard error below 2 nm for all evaluated measurements, justifies use of the non-parametric rank sum test of Siegel and Tukey [ 21 ] to test whether the measured distribution can be attributed to the same population. The effect of lacking stereologic correction, if significant, leads to a result which is slightly smaller than the “real” particle size.

The content of such kromos party sites is not within our control, and we cannot and will not take responsibility for the information or content. It also has very good dispersibility that enables production of high-gloss coatings with little gloss haze.

Anatolie S Sidorenko, Guest Editor. Starting with approximately 10 g pigment, which is assumed to be a representative sample, the following steps are taken:.

A combination of both values has proven adequate for grey-value filtering.

A reproducible number-based sizing method for pigment-grade titanium dioxide

Visualisation of the systematic challenges in the detection of sectioned particles; kronis principal possibilities for sectioning a particle; the viewing direction is indicated by the black arrow; lines 1 to 4 indicate section planes through the particle shown; b a representative electron micrograph of a polished section; the numbers given correspond to the sections given exemplarily in part a ; the particles with a coloured envelope are the ones finally detected after grey-value and morphologic filtering.

Reliable sizing methods that overcome these obstacles, and are practical for industrial use, are still lacking. The technique presented in this study was chosen because of its high degree of automation and 22360.

The krono is a pigment with a rutile structure for use in coatings and krnoos, while the latter is a food-grade pigment with an anatase structure. A second preparation run was done several days later. An urgent demand for reliable methods for the characterization of particulate materials is triggered by the prospect of forthcoming national and international regulations concerning the classification of nanomaterials [ 3 — 6 ].

We’re sorry, but the industry you have selected is not currently available in your chosen language. It is also used in cosmetics, foods and pharmaceuticals. The license is subject to the Beilstein Journal of Nanotechnology terms and conditions: By using the example of titanium dioxide, this paper shows that both necessities are well met by the sophisticated counting algorithm presented here, which is based on the imaging of polished sections of embedded particles and subsequent automated image analysis.

Unifying the grey values as the basis for final pigment detection Fig. The presence of a systematic bias due to the lack of stereologic correction cannot be verified for the time being, since a certified standard for titanium dioxide is still lacking. A strong demand for kronoz characterization methods of particulate materials is triggered by the prospect of forthcoming national and international regulations concerning the classification of ironos.

National Center for Biotechnology InformationU. The section through the particles can in principle be located close to the centre of mass, in which case the section gives the maximum area along the viewing direction for a convex particle plane 3 23660 Fig.

KRONOS 2360 – Best in class for industrial coatings

Meaningful quantiles d 10d 16d 25d 50 and d 84 are given in the next columns. You may choose a language below to continue to this industry or close this dialog above. ECD particles mean std.

It is a fact that there is nothing like a common or known particle shape for titanium dioxide pigments.